Screen time and its association with headache and sleep disturbances

Saad Mushtaq Malik; Asem Hameed; Imran Saeed; Kashif Ali; Muhammad Khizar Niazi; Omer Jalal

2026, Vol: 51, Issue: 2

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Original Research

RMJ. 2026; 51(1): 160-163

Screen time and its association with headache and sleep disturbances

Saad Mushtaq Malik, Asem Hameed, Imran Saeed, Kashif Ali, Muhammad Khizar Niazi, Omer Jalal.

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between screen exposure, headaches, and sleep disturbances among medical undergraduates.
Methodology: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on undergraduate Medical College students at Multan from January 2024 to July 2024. Google Forms was used to distribute a semi-structured questionnaire. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used.
Results: A total 454 students were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 19.20±3.38 years, with 159 (35.02%) males and 295 (64.97%) females. The average daily screen time among the students was >6 hours. Out of 315 students who experienced headaches, 234 (74.28%) associated an increase in the frequency of headaches with an increase in screen time (p=0.00). Additionally, there was a highly significant correlation (p=0.00) between screen time and sleep disturbance.
Conclusion: Screen time was strongly associated with headaches and sleep disturbances among undergraduate students.

Key words: Disturbances, headache, screen time, sleep, students.

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Malik SM, Hameed A, Saeed I, Ali K, Niazi MK, Jalal O. Screen time and its association with headache and sleep disturbances. RMJ. 2026; 51(1): 160-163.

Web Style

Malik SM, Hameed A, Saeed I, Ali K, Niazi MK, Jalal O. Screen time and its association with headache and sleep disturbances. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=282317 [Access: June 27, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Malik SM, Hameed A, Saeed I, Ali K, Niazi MK, Jalal O. Screen time and its association with headache and sleep disturbances. RMJ. 2026; 51(1): 160-163.

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Malik SM, Hameed A, Saeed I, Ali K, Niazi MK, Jalal O. Screen time and its association with headache and sleep disturbances. RMJ. (2026), [cited June 27, 2026]; 51(1): 160-163.

Harvard Style

Malik, S. M., Hameed, . A., Saeed, . I., Ali, . K., Niazi, . M. K. & Jalal, . O. (2026) Screen time and its association with headache and sleep disturbances. RMJ, 51 (1), 160-163.

Turabian Style

Malik, Saad Mushtaq, Asem Hameed, Imran Saeed, Kashif Ali, Muhammad Khizar Niazi, and Omer Jalal. 2026. Screen time and its association with headache and sleep disturbances. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (1), 160-163.

Chicago Style

Malik, Saad Mushtaq, Asem Hameed, Imran Saeed, Kashif Ali, Muhammad Khizar Niazi, and Omer Jalal. "Screen time and its association with headache and sleep disturbances." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 160-163.

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Malik, S. M., Hameed, . A., Saeed, . I., Ali, . K., Niazi, . M. K. & Jalal, . O. (2026) Screen time and its association with headache and sleep disturbances. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (1), 160-163.

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