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Original Research
Online Published: 21 Oct 2021
 
RMJ. 2021; 46(4): 816-819


Cutaneous and mucosal changes among health care workers performing duties in COVID-19 isolation wards of Tertiary Care Hospitals

Zahid Rafiq, Ahsan Anwar, Rana Aamir Diwan, Urfa Shafi.


Abstract
Objective: To determine the frequency of cutaneous and mucosal changes among health care workers due to wearing of PPE in COVID-19 isolation wards of Tertiary Care Hospitals.
Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at DHQ/GHAQ Teaching Hospitals, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal. A web-based survey was shared on the Whatsapp/Email for the collection of data among healthcare workers who had performed duties in COVID-19 isolation wards of different public teaching hospitals of the Punjab, Pakistan.
Results: Out of 121 participants, 61(50.4%) were female and 60(49.6%) male. Majority of participants were less than 30 years of age. Among the participants, 115(95%) were doctors while 6(5%) were paramedical staff. Involvement of different facial sites and hands were found. Itching 63((51.2%) was the most commonly noticed symptom followed by dryness/tightness 52(50.5%), irritation 51(49.5%) and burning/pain 12(11.7%). Frequently observed cutaneous changes were erythema, scaling and papules at various locations of face while vesicles and fissures at hand and feet. Common mucosal changes were dryness of mouth 40(76.9%) and halitosis 22(42.3%) in oral cavity and watering of eyes 26(56.6%) and redness of conjunctiva 15(32.6%).
Conclusion: Increased usage of personnel protective equipment among Health Care Workers leads to significant cutaneous changes at face, hand and oral mucosal changes.

Key words: Cutaneous changes, healthcare workers, mucosal changes.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Rafiq Z, Anwar A, Diwan RA, Shafi U. Cutaneous and mucosal changes among health care workers performing duties in COVID-19 isolation wards of Tertiary Care Hospitals . RMJ. 2021; 46(4): 816-819.

Web Style

Rafiq Z, Anwar A, Diwan RA, Shafi U. Cutaneous and mucosal changes among health care workers performing duties in COVID-19 isolation wards of Tertiary Care Hospitals . https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=134671 [Access: June 23, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Rafiq Z, Anwar A, Diwan RA, Shafi U. Cutaneous and mucosal changes among health care workers performing duties in COVID-19 isolation wards of Tertiary Care Hospitals . RMJ. 2021; 46(4): 816-819.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Rafiq Z, Anwar A, Diwan RA, Shafi U. Cutaneous and mucosal changes among health care workers performing duties in COVID-19 isolation wards of Tertiary Care Hospitals . RMJ. (2021), [cited June 23, 2026]; 46(4): 816-819.


Harvard Style

Rafiq, Z., Anwar, . A., Diwan, . R. A. & Shafi, . U. (2021) Cutaneous and mucosal changes among health care workers performing duties in COVID-19 isolation wards of Tertiary Care Hospitals . RMJ, 46 (4), 816-819.


Turabian Style

Rafiq, Zahid, Ahsan Anwar, Rana Aamir Diwan, and Urfa Shafi. 2021. Cutaneous and mucosal changes among health care workers performing duties in COVID-19 isolation wards of Tertiary Care Hospitals . Rawal Medical Journal, 46 (4), 816-819.


Chicago Style

Rafiq, Zahid, Ahsan Anwar, Rana Aamir Diwan, and Urfa Shafi. "Cutaneous and mucosal changes among health care workers performing duties in COVID-19 isolation wards of Tertiary Care Hospitals ." Rawal Medical Journal 46 (2021), 816-819.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Rafiq, Zahid, Ahsan Anwar, Rana Aamir Diwan, and Urfa Shafi. "Cutaneous and mucosal changes among health care workers performing duties in COVID-19 isolation wards of Tertiary Care Hospitals ." Rawal Medical Journal 46.4 (2021), 816-819. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Rafiq, Z., Anwar, . A., Diwan, . R. A. & Shafi, . U. (2021) Cutaneous and mucosal changes among health care workers performing duties in COVID-19 isolation wards of Tertiary Care Hospitals . Rawal Medical Journal, 46 (4), 816-819.


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