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Original Research 
RMJ. 2021; 46(3): 533-537


Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in rural women presenting to a primary care hospital

Faheem Sarwar, Maira Saleem, Fatima Zia Zaidi.


Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in women of a rural area in Pakistan.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the female clinic of Rural Health Centre, Ghaziabad, Pakistan. A total of 340 women, selected through random sampling over five months, were interviewed by using a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three parts; demographic data, GerdQ, risk factors, and other symptoms. For statistical analysis, SPSS version 23 was used.
Results: The overall prevalence of GERD was 64.11% (N=218). Out of which, 54.6% (N=119) had GERD with a high impact on life, having difficulty in good night’s sleep and using additional medication for relief of symptoms. Dyspepsia, globus, hiccups, nausea, dysphagia, and hoarseness were the most common symptoms. Prominent lifestyle risk factors included smoking, consumption of spices, and oily food.
Conclusion: The overall prevalence of GERD in rural women was 64.11%. Out of which, 54.6% had GERD with a high impact on life. Dyspepsia, globus, hiccups, nausea, dysphagia, and hoarseness were the most common symptoms. Prominent lifestyle risk factors included smoking, consumption of spices, and oily food.

Key words: Prevalence, gastroesophageal reflux, risk factors, rural, South Asia, Pakistan.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Sarwar F, Saleem M, Zaidi FZ. Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in rural women presenting to a primary care hospital. RMJ. 2021; 46(3): 533-537.

Web Style

Sarwar F, Saleem M, Zaidi FZ. Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in rural women presenting to a primary care hospital. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=2026 [Access: June 27, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Sarwar F, Saleem M, Zaidi FZ. Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in rural women presenting to a primary care hospital. RMJ. 2021; 46(3): 533-537.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Sarwar F, Saleem M, Zaidi FZ. Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in rural women presenting to a primary care hospital. RMJ. (2021), [cited June 27, 2026]; 46(3): 533-537.


Harvard Style

Sarwar, F., Saleem, . M. & Zaidi, . F. Z. (2021) Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in rural women presenting to a primary care hospital. RMJ, 46 (3), 533-537.


Turabian Style

Sarwar, Faheem, Maira Saleem, and Fatima Zia Zaidi. 2021. Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in rural women presenting to a primary care hospital. Rawal Medical Journal, 46 (3), 533-537.


Chicago Style

Sarwar, Faheem, Maira Saleem, and Fatima Zia Zaidi. "Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in rural women presenting to a primary care hospital." Rawal Medical Journal 46 (2021), 533-537.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Sarwar, Faheem, Maira Saleem, and Fatima Zia Zaidi. "Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in rural women presenting to a primary care hospital." Rawal Medical Journal 46.3 (2021), 533-537. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Sarwar, F., Saleem, . M. & Zaidi, . F. Z. (2021) Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in rural women presenting to a primary care hospital. Rawal Medical Journal, 46 (3), 533-537.


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