Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders and their association with anxiety and bruxism in dental students and house officers: a cross-sectional study from Punjab, Pakistan

Ijaz ur Rehman; Hammad Hassan; Salman Amin; Muhammad Hassan; Tahmasub Faraz Tayyab; Faiza Rehman

2026, Vol: 51, Issue: 2

51 / 2Current Issue Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles

Required files to be uploaded

Author_Certificate-old
Bank Reciept

« Previous Article

Original Research
Online Published: 08 Aug 2024

RMJ. 2024; 49(3): 606-611

Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders and their association with anxiety and bruxism in dental students and house officers: a cross-sectional study from Punjab, Pakistan

Ijaz Ur Rehman, Hammad Hassan, Salman Amin, Muhammad Hassan, Tahmasub Faraz Tayyab, Faiza Rehman.

Abstract
Objective: To identify prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) and their association with anxiety and bruxism in dental students and house officers in Punjab, Pakistan.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two private dental institutes of Punjab from February 2022 to March 2023, on BDS students and house officers diagnosed with at least one symptom of TMD after screening. We used Diagnostic Criteria for the Most Common Intra-Articular Temporomandibular Disorders self-administered questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4).
Results: Out 433 participants, 141 (32.5%) had TMD pain; more than half were females, and around one-third were house officers (n=50, 35.5%). The mean PHQ score was 5.11±2.46, falling in the moderate anxiety range. Female patients (p=0.026), bruxers (p=0.023), those with myofascial pain (p=0.034), headaches (p=0.001), and referred myofascial pain (p=0.025) had significantly higher mean PHQ scores. The top three findings were disc displacement with reduction (n=16, 47%), headache (n=12, 35.2%) and local myalgia (n=12, 35.2%). A significantly higher proportion of females with TMD reported local myalgia (p=0.045), and a significant proportion of respondents with TMD and bruxism reported local myalgia (p=0.002).
Conclusion: The anxiety levels, as well as myofascial pain, among the female respondents and bruxers suffering from TMDs were significantly higher. Myofascial discomfort, headaches, and disc displacement with reduction were the most common symptoms. The results highlight the significance of mental health education, routine evaluations, and therapies for dental students with TMDs.

Key words: Bruxism, chronic pain, dental care, temporomandibular joint disorders.

	ARTICLE TOOLS
	Abstract
	PDF Fulltext
	How to cite this article
	Citation Tools
	Related Records
	Articles by Ijaz ur Rehman Articles by Hammad Hassan Articles by Salman Amin Articles by Muhammad Hassan Articles by Tahmasub Faraz Tayyab Articles by Faiza Rehman
	on Google
	on Google Scholar

How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Rehman IU, Hassan H, Amin S, Hassan M, Tayyab TF, Rehman F. Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders and their association with anxiety and bruxism in dental students and house officers: a cross-sectional study from Punjab, Pakistan . RMJ. 2024; 49(3): 606-611.

Web Style

Rehman IU, Hassan H, Amin S, Hassan M, Tayyab TF, Rehman F. Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders and their association with anxiety and bruxism in dental students and house officers: a cross-sectional study from Punjab, Pakistan . https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=214818 [Access: June 27, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Rehman IU, Hassan H, Amin S, Hassan M, Tayyab TF, Rehman F. Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders and their association with anxiety and bruxism in dental students and house officers: a cross-sectional study from Punjab, Pakistan . RMJ. 2024; 49(3): 606-611.

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Harvard Style

Rehman, I. U., Hassan, . H., Amin, . S., Hassan, . M., Tayyab, . T. F. & Rehman, . F. (2024) Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders and their association with anxiety and bruxism in dental students and house officers: a cross-sectional study from Punjab, Pakistan . RMJ, 49 (3), 606-611.

Turabian Style

Rehman, Ijaz Ur, Hammad Hassan, Salman Amin, Muhammad Hassan, Tahmasub Faraz Tayyab, and Faiza Rehman. 2024. Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders and their association with anxiety and bruxism in dental students and house officers: a cross-sectional study from Punjab, Pakistan . Rawal Medical Journal, 49 (3), 606-611.

Chicago Style

Rehman, Ijaz Ur, Hammad Hassan, Salman Amin, Muhammad Hassan, Tahmasub Faraz Tayyab, and Faiza Rehman. "Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders and their association with anxiety and bruxism in dental students and house officers: a cross-sectional study from Punjab, Pakistan ." Rawal Medical Journal 49 (2024), 606-611.

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Author Login Reviewer Login Editorial Policies Conflict of Interest Policy Plagiarism Policy Advertising Policy

About Rawal Medical Journal

Contact Information

How to cite this article


About Rawal Medical Journal Publication, subscription and Editorial office PMA House G/220-B Liaquat Road, Rawalpindi. Phone: 051-555-9812, Fax: 051-553-7088 Email: drnkhokhar@ya ... Read more. For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.	Contact Information