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2026, Vol: 51, Issue: 2
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Original Research 


Hair dye crucial threat to paraphenylenediamine poisoning and its mortality rate associated with laryngeal edema; a cross sectional study

Ashok Kumar Lohano, Akber Hussain Yousfani, Aftab Ahmed Malik, Khawer Hussain Arain.


Abstract
Objective: Aim of this study is to determine the frequency of mortality after early tracheostomy in patients presenting with laryngeal edema secondary to Paraphenylenediamine poisoning.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Medical wards & Intensive care unit at Peoples Medical College Hospital, Nawabshah, Pakistan over a 6 months period. It included 76 patients with Para-phenylenediamine poisoning with early tracheostomy.
Results: Out of 76 patients, 44 (57.9%) were female. The average age of the patients was 34±7 years. Most of the patients presented in stage 2 and 3. The mortality rate was 7.9%.
Conclusion: Early presentation and early intervention are the important factors for the reduction of high mortality associated with hair dye poisoning. Public awareness programs are mandatory to control p-Phenylene-di-amine toxicity.

Key words: P-Phenylene-di-amine, hair dye, tracheostomy, PPD.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Lohano AK, Yousfani AH, Malik AA, Arain KH. Hair dye crucial threat to paraphenylenediamine poisoning and its mortality rate associated with laryngeal edema; a cross sectional study. RMJ. 2017; 42(1): 60-63.

Web Style

Lohano AK, Yousfani AH, Malik AA, Arain KH. Hair dye crucial threat to paraphenylenediamine poisoning and its mortality rate associated with laryngeal edema; a cross sectional study. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=231257 [Access: June 22, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Lohano AK, Yousfani AH, Malik AA, Arain KH. Hair dye crucial threat to paraphenylenediamine poisoning and its mortality rate associated with laryngeal edema; a cross sectional study. RMJ. 2017; 42(1): 60-63.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Lohano AK, Yousfani AH, Malik AA, Arain KH. Hair dye crucial threat to paraphenylenediamine poisoning and its mortality rate associated with laryngeal edema; a cross sectional study. RMJ. (2017), [cited June 22, 2026]; 42(1): 60-63.


Harvard Style

Lohano, A. K., Yousfani, . A. H., Malik, . A. A. & Arain, . K. H. (2017) Hair dye crucial threat to paraphenylenediamine poisoning and its mortality rate associated with laryngeal edema; a cross sectional study. RMJ, 42 (1), 60-63.


Turabian Style

Lohano, Ashok Kumar, Akber Hussain Yousfani, Aftab Ahmed Malik, and Khawer Hussain Arain. 2017. Hair dye crucial threat to paraphenylenediamine poisoning and its mortality rate associated with laryngeal edema; a cross sectional study. Rawal Medical Journal, 42 (1), 60-63.


Chicago Style

Lohano, Ashok Kumar, Akber Hussain Yousfani, Aftab Ahmed Malik, and Khawer Hussain Arain. "Hair dye crucial threat to paraphenylenediamine poisoning and its mortality rate associated with laryngeal edema; a cross sectional study." Rawal Medical Journal 42 (2017), 60-63.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Lohano, Ashok Kumar, Akber Hussain Yousfani, Aftab Ahmed Malik, and Khawer Hussain Arain. "Hair dye crucial threat to paraphenylenediamine poisoning and its mortality rate associated with laryngeal edema; a cross sectional study." Rawal Medical Journal 42.1 (2017), 60-63. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Lohano, A. K., Yousfani, . A. H., Malik, . A. A. & Arain, . K. H. (2017) Hair dye crucial threat to paraphenylenediamine poisoning and its mortality rate associated with laryngeal edema; a cross sectional study. Rawal Medical Journal, 42 (1), 60-63.


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