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Original Research 
RMJ. 2025; 50(4): 1072-1076


Impact of pharmacist’s clinical interventions and pharmacovigilance on antidiabetic drugs among diabetes patients: Healthcare professionals’ insight

Saira Shahnaz, Muhammad Ali Ghoto, Rabia Mangi, Muhammad Ali Qazi, Gul Sama, Muhammad Asif.


Abstract
Objective: To assess the clinical impact of an intervention performed by clinical pharmacist among patients with diabetes mellitus on oral anti diabetic drug therapies.
Methodology: This Interventional study included 400 type 2 diabetic patients and was carried out from July 2023- January 2024. Patients on anti-diabetic drugs were divided into 2 groups, each consisting of 200 patients. Group I was provided with clinical pharmacist interventions, including counselling, guidance regarding therapies, ADRs, and addition/stopping drugs during treatment. Group II was not provided with any such intervention except for antidiabetic therapy. We used a questionnaire and the data were analyzed using SPSS 20.
Results: The intervention saved cost was PKR 210, post reduction in HbA1c was observed as 1.1%, with PKR 840. Adjustments of doses were made in certain patients by the Pharmacist according to their file records, whereas cost saved was observed as PKR 424. Post clinical outcomes recorded as 1.1% reduction in HbA1C, with PKR 954. A significant number of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including hypoglycaemia, weight gain, dizziness, vomiting, and gastric irritation, were caused by the Sulfonylurea class. The self-made schedule for self-monitoring of random/fasting blood glucose levels was provided to patients, which showed a difference of 1.3% HbA1C, with a cost saved PKR 630.
Conclusion: There was a great impact of clinical pharmacist interventions. An improvement in HbA1C levels was observed, hence the involvement of a pharmacist makes the therapy more effective.

Key words: Pharmacovigilance, diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemic drugs, therapy.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Shahnaz S, Ghoto MA, Mangi R, Qazi MA, Sama G, Asif M. Impact of pharmacist’s clinical interventions and pharmacovigilance on antidiabetic drugs among diabetes patients: Healthcare professionals’ insight. RMJ. 2025; 50(4): 1072-1076.

Web Style

Shahnaz S, Ghoto MA, Mangi R, Qazi MA, Sama G, Asif M. Impact of pharmacist’s clinical interventions and pharmacovigilance on antidiabetic drugs among diabetes patients: Healthcare professionals’ insight. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=265203 [Access: June 22, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Shahnaz S, Ghoto MA, Mangi R, Qazi MA, Sama G, Asif M. Impact of pharmacist’s clinical interventions and pharmacovigilance on antidiabetic drugs among diabetes patients: Healthcare professionals’ insight. RMJ. 2025; 50(4): 1072-1076.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Shahnaz S, Ghoto MA, Mangi R, Qazi MA, Sama G, Asif M. Impact of pharmacist’s clinical interventions and pharmacovigilance on antidiabetic drugs among diabetes patients: Healthcare professionals’ insight. RMJ. (2025), [cited June 22, 2026]; 50(4): 1072-1076.


Harvard Style

Shahnaz, S., Ghoto, . M. A., Mangi, . R., Qazi, . M. A., Sama, . G. & Asif, . M. (2025) Impact of pharmacist’s clinical interventions and pharmacovigilance on antidiabetic drugs among diabetes patients: Healthcare professionals’ insight. RMJ, 50 (4), 1072-1076.


Turabian Style

Shahnaz, Saira, Muhammad Ali Ghoto, Rabia Mangi, Muhammad Ali Qazi, Gul Sama, and Muhammad Asif. 2025. Impact of pharmacist’s clinical interventions and pharmacovigilance on antidiabetic drugs among diabetes patients: Healthcare professionals’ insight. Rawal Medical Journal, 50 (4), 1072-1076.


Chicago Style

Shahnaz, Saira, Muhammad Ali Ghoto, Rabia Mangi, Muhammad Ali Qazi, Gul Sama, and Muhammad Asif. "Impact of pharmacist’s clinical interventions and pharmacovigilance on antidiabetic drugs among diabetes patients: Healthcare professionals’ insight." Rawal Medical Journal 50 (2025), 1072-1076.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Shahnaz, Saira, Muhammad Ali Ghoto, Rabia Mangi, Muhammad Ali Qazi, Gul Sama, and Muhammad Asif. "Impact of pharmacist’s clinical interventions and pharmacovigilance on antidiabetic drugs among diabetes patients: Healthcare professionals’ insight." Rawal Medical Journal 50.4 (2025), 1072-1076. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Shahnaz, S., Ghoto, . M. A., Mangi, . R., Qazi, . M. A., Sama, . G. & Asif, . M. (2025) Impact of pharmacist’s clinical interventions and pharmacovigilance on antidiabetic drugs among diabetes patients: Healthcare professionals’ insight. Rawal Medical Journal, 50 (4), 1072-1076.


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