Mapping aggression across genders: A multidimensional study of physical, verbal, hostile, and anger dimensions

Sumaira Riffat; Tallat Naz; Sadia Manan; Kamran Afzal; Padma Rathore; Saima Ejaz

2026, Vol: 51, Issue: 2

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RMJ. 2026; 51(2): 445-448

Mapping aggression across genders: A multidimensional study of physical, verbal, hostile, and anger dimensions

Sumaira Riffat, Tallat Naz, Sadia Manan, Kamran Afzal, Padma Rathore, Saima Ejaz.

Abstract
Objective: To investigate gender differences in aggression among healthy adults using a multidimensional aggression assessment tool.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 1,293 healthy adult participants (542 males and 751 females). Aggression levels were measured using the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), which evaluates four dimensions: physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility. Descriptive statistics and correlations among aggression subscales were computed.
Results: Males exhibited significantly higher total aggression scores compared to females, with particularly elevated scores in physical aggression, verbal aggression, and hostility (p<0.001). The difference in anger scores between genders was not statistically significant. Positive correlations were observed among aggression sub-scales, particularly between anger and hostility, verbal aggression, and physical aggression (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The study highlights notable gender-based differences in aggression patterns among healthy adults. Males demonstrated higher levels in several aggression dimensions, suggesting gender-specific expressions of aggressive behavior. These findings emphasize the importance of considering gender when evaluating or addressing aggression in clinical or social settings.

Key words: Aggression, Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire, physical aggression, verbal aggression, hostility.

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Riffat S, Naz T, Manan S, Afzal K, Rathore P, Ejaz S. Mapping aggression across genders: A multidimensional study of physical, verbal, hostile, and anger dimensions. RMJ. 2026; 51(2): 445-448.

Web Style

Riffat S, Naz T, Manan S, Afzal K, Rathore P, Ejaz S. Mapping aggression across genders: A multidimensional study of physical, verbal, hostile, and anger dimensions. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=270774 [Access: June 22, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Riffat S, Naz T, Manan S, Afzal K, Rathore P, Ejaz S. Mapping aggression across genders: A multidimensional study of physical, verbal, hostile, and anger dimensions. RMJ. 2026; 51(2): 445-448.

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Riffat S, Naz T, Manan S, Afzal K, Rathore P, Ejaz S. Mapping aggression across genders: A multidimensional study of physical, verbal, hostile, and anger dimensions. RMJ. (2026), [cited June 22, 2026]; 51(2): 445-448.

Harvard Style

Riffat, S., Naz, . T., Manan, . S., Afzal, . K., Rathore, . P. & Ejaz, . S. (2026) Mapping aggression across genders: A multidimensional study of physical, verbal, hostile, and anger dimensions. RMJ, 51 (2), 445-448.

Turabian Style

Riffat, Sumaira, Tallat Naz, Sadia Manan, Kamran Afzal, Padma Rathore, and Saima Ejaz. 2026. Mapping aggression across genders: A multidimensional study of physical, verbal, hostile, and anger dimensions. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (2), 445-448.

Chicago Style

Riffat, Sumaira, Tallat Naz, Sadia Manan, Kamran Afzal, Padma Rathore, and Saima Ejaz. "Mapping aggression across genders: A multidimensional study of physical, verbal, hostile, and anger dimensions." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 445-448.

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