ISSN 0303-5212
 
2026, Vol: 51, Issue: 2
51 / 2Current Issue Online FirstArchiveAims and ScopeAbstracting & IndexingMost Accessed ArticlesMost Downloaded ArticlesMost Cited Articles
Required files to be uploaded

Author_Certificate-old
Bank Reciept

Original Research 
RMJ. 2018; 43(3): 429-435


Determinants of frequency of antenatal care visits among Pakistani pregnant women: An analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-13

Abdul Ghaffar, Sathirakorn Pongpanich, Nasser Mohiuddin.


Abstract
Objective: To identify determinants of frequency of antenatal care (ANC) visits in pregnant women in Pakistan.
Methodology: This analysis included 7443 women from PDHS 2013. Linear mixed model was applied in multivariable analysis, accounting for sample weights and HH clustering in the data.
Results: With reference to Punjab province, pregnant women from Sindh province [Coefficient (β)= 1.357; Confidence Interval 95%(CI) 1.00,1.71] and from capital city Islamabad (β=1.433; 95%CI 1.01,1.86) had more ANC visits and Balochistan province (β=-0.746; 95% CI -1.05,-0.44) had fewer visits. With reference to urban, mothers living in rural (β=-0.882; 95 % CI -0.73,-0.12) areas had fewer ANC visits. Pregnant women with increasing number of children five years old and under had (β=-0.116; 95 % CI -0.16,0.85) fewer ANC visits. Women with higher education (β=1.287; 95 % CI 0.71,1.86) had more ANC visits in comparison with any other level of education. Pregnant women in the richest (β=2.338; 95 % CI 1.90,2.78) wealth index quintiles had more ANC visits. Women watching television daily (β=0.456; 95 % CI 0.23,0.69) and listening to radio once a week or daily (β=0.584; 95 % CI 0.07,0.10) also had more ANC visits.
Conclusion: Women from rural areas and having more children had fewer visits. Increasing wealth, education and exposure to TV raised frequency of ANC visits.

Key words: Antenatal care visits, determinants, pregnancy, women, Pakistan, low middle income


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Abdul Ghaffar
Articles by Sathirakorn Pongpanich
Articles by Nasser Mohiuddin
on Google
on Google Scholar

How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Ghaffar A, Pongpanich S, Mohiuddin N. Determinants of frequency of antenatal care visits among Pakistani pregnant women: An analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-13. RMJ. 2018; 43(3): 429-435.

Web Style

Ghaffar A, Pongpanich S, Mohiuddin N. Determinants of frequency of antenatal care visits among Pakistani pregnant women: An analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-13. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=282966 [Access: June 22, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ghaffar A, Pongpanich S, Mohiuddin N. Determinants of frequency of antenatal care visits among Pakistani pregnant women: An analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-13. RMJ. 2018; 43(3): 429-435.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ghaffar A, Pongpanich S, Mohiuddin N. Determinants of frequency of antenatal care visits among Pakistani pregnant women: An analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-13. RMJ. (2018), [cited June 22, 2026]; 43(3): 429-435.


Harvard Style

Ghaffar, A., Pongpanich, . S. & Mohiuddin, . N. (2018) Determinants of frequency of antenatal care visits among Pakistani pregnant women: An analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-13. RMJ, 43 (3), 429-435.


Turabian Style

Ghaffar, Abdul, Sathirakorn Pongpanich, and Nasser Mohiuddin. 2018. Determinants of frequency of antenatal care visits among Pakistani pregnant women: An analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-13. Rawal Medical Journal, 43 (3), 429-435.


Chicago Style

Ghaffar, Abdul, Sathirakorn Pongpanich, and Nasser Mohiuddin. "Determinants of frequency of antenatal care visits among Pakistani pregnant women: An analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-13." Rawal Medical Journal 43 (2018), 429-435.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Ghaffar, Abdul, Sathirakorn Pongpanich, and Nasser Mohiuddin. "Determinants of frequency of antenatal care visits among Pakistani pregnant women: An analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-13." Rawal Medical Journal 43.3 (2018), 429-435. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ghaffar, A., Pongpanich, . S. & Mohiuddin, . N. (2018) Determinants of frequency of antenatal care visits among Pakistani pregnant women: An analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-13. Rawal Medical Journal, 43 (3), 429-435.


Author LoginReviewer LoginEditorial PoliciesConflict of Interest PolicyPlagiarism PolicyAdvertising Policy

About Rawal Medical Journal

Publication, subscription and Editorial office PMA House G/220-B Liaquat Road, Rawalpindi. Phone: 051-555-9812, Fax: 051-553-7088 Email: drnkhokhar@ya ... Read more.



For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

Contact Information