ISSN 0303-5212
 
2026, Vol: 51, Issue: 2
51 / 2Current Issue Online FirstArchiveAims and ScopeAbstracting & IndexingMost Accessed ArticlesMost Downloaded ArticlesMost Cited Articles
Required files to be uploaded

Author_Certificate-old
Bank Reciept

Original Research 
RMJ. 2018; 43(3): 547-552


Factors affecting delayed detection of pulmonary tuberculosis infection among patient reporting at institute of chest disease in rural Sindh Pakistan

Shanker Lal, Ramesh Kumar, Manohar Lal, Ratana Somrongthong.


Abstract
Objectives: To determine the extent of patients and diagnostic delay while attending the health facility and their associated factor in patients with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB.
Methodology: This was cross sectional study was conducted by interviewing 114 respondent with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis from Institute of Chest Disease, Kotri Hospital, District Jamhoro, Pakistan. Delay was defined as start of symptoms and first visit at the public health facility/hospital and >4 weeks (30 days) were considered patient delay. Diagnostic delay was onset from first consultation to microscopically proven TB. Hence, total delay was defined by combination of patient and diagnostic delay in this study.
Results: Out of 114 patients, 71(62.3%) were male and 43(37.5%) female. Average mean age 37±16.30 years. Median delay was calculated 56 days. Associated symptoms were cough, fever, chest pain, knowledge of patients, education, residence and access to health facility. Majority of the respondents were illiterate (75%) and around (68%) were living in rural areas of Sindh.
Conclusion: Lack of awareness and education regarding factors like cough, fever were negligible resulting the delay in seeking health care by patients and lack of specific investigation in respect to TB by doctors both in private and public sectors. Hence, an appropriate guidelines should be implemented for to aware the TB patients regarding timely detection and diagnosis in Pakistan.

Key words: Pulmonary TB, Delay diagnosis, Healthcare, patient’s awareness and health seeking behavior.


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Shanker Lal
Articles by Ramesh Kumar
Articles by Manohar Lal
Articles by Ratana Somrongthong
on Google
on Google Scholar

How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Lal S, Kumar R, Lal M, Somrongthong R. Factors affecting delayed detection of pulmonary tuberculosis infection among patient reporting at institute of chest disease in rural Sindh Pakistan. RMJ. 2018; 43(3): 547-552.

Web Style

Lal S, Kumar R, Lal M, Somrongthong R. Factors affecting delayed detection of pulmonary tuberculosis infection among patient reporting at institute of chest disease in rural Sindh Pakistan. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=288861 [Access: June 27, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Lal S, Kumar R, Lal M, Somrongthong R. Factors affecting delayed detection of pulmonary tuberculosis infection among patient reporting at institute of chest disease in rural Sindh Pakistan. RMJ. 2018; 43(3): 547-552.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Lal S, Kumar R, Lal M, Somrongthong R. Factors affecting delayed detection of pulmonary tuberculosis infection among patient reporting at institute of chest disease in rural Sindh Pakistan. RMJ. (2018), [cited June 27, 2026]; 43(3): 547-552.


Harvard Style

Lal, S., Kumar, . R., Lal, . M. & Somrongthong, . R. (2018) Factors affecting delayed detection of pulmonary tuberculosis infection among patient reporting at institute of chest disease in rural Sindh Pakistan. RMJ, 43 (3), 547-552.


Turabian Style

Lal, Shanker, Ramesh Kumar, Manohar Lal, and Ratana Somrongthong. 2018. Factors affecting delayed detection of pulmonary tuberculosis infection among patient reporting at institute of chest disease in rural Sindh Pakistan. Rawal Medical Journal, 43 (3), 547-552.


Chicago Style

Lal, Shanker, Ramesh Kumar, Manohar Lal, and Ratana Somrongthong. "Factors affecting delayed detection of pulmonary tuberculosis infection among patient reporting at institute of chest disease in rural Sindh Pakistan." Rawal Medical Journal 43 (2018), 547-552.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Lal, Shanker, Ramesh Kumar, Manohar Lal, and Ratana Somrongthong. "Factors affecting delayed detection of pulmonary tuberculosis infection among patient reporting at institute of chest disease in rural Sindh Pakistan." Rawal Medical Journal 43.3 (2018), 547-552. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Lal, S., Kumar, . R., Lal, . M. & Somrongthong, . R. (2018) Factors affecting delayed detection of pulmonary tuberculosis infection among patient reporting at institute of chest disease in rural Sindh Pakistan. Rawal Medical Journal, 43 (3), 547-552.


Author LoginReviewer LoginEditorial PoliciesConflict of Interest PolicyPlagiarism PolicyAdvertising Policy

About Rawal Medical Journal

Publication, subscription and Editorial office PMA House G/220-B Liaquat Road, Rawalpindi. Phone: 051-555-9812, Fax: 051-553-7088 Email: drnkhokhar@ya ... Read more.



For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

Contact Information