ISSN 0303-5212
 
2026, Vol: 51, Issue: 2
51 / 2Current Issue Online FirstArchiveAims and ScopeAbstracting & IndexingMost Accessed ArticlesMost Downloaded ArticlesMost Cited Articles
Required files to be uploaded

Author_Certificate-old
Bank Reciept

Original Research 
RMJ. 2018; 43(3): 408-412


Personality Type D Traits, neuropsychiatric symptomology and cognitive deficits among patients with high cholesterol

Amara Gul, Maria Malik.


Abstract
Objective: To examine whether type D personality can be identified in patients with hypercholesterolemia and its relationship with cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptomology.
Methodology: This experimental study was conducted on 40 patients with hypercholesterolemia attending Nishter Hospital Multan Pakistan and 40 healthy individuals from local community. Participants completed Type D scale, Neuropsychiatric inventory-questionnaire and task switching experiment.
Results: Patients with hypercholesterolemia showed type D personality, neuropsychiatric symptomology and task switching deficits. Type D personality and neuropsychiatric symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, apathy, disinihibition, aggression, anxiety and appetite disturbance) correlated with switch costs. Type D personality and anxiety were found to be significant predictors of task switching deficits.
Conclusion: Type D personality and anxiety are significant markers of cognitive impairment in patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Key words: Hypercholesterolemia, cognition, personality, task switching, neuropsychiatric symptoms.


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Amara Gul
Articles by Maria Malik
on Google
on Google Scholar

How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Gul A, Malik M. Personality Type D Traits, neuropsychiatric symptomology and cognitive deficits among patients with high cholesterol. RMJ. 2018; 43(3): 408-412.

Web Style

Gul A, Malik M. Personality Type D Traits, neuropsychiatric symptomology and cognitive deficits among patients with high cholesterol. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=290617 [Access: June 22, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Gul A, Malik M. Personality Type D Traits, neuropsychiatric symptomology and cognitive deficits among patients with high cholesterol. RMJ. 2018; 43(3): 408-412.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Gul A, Malik M. Personality Type D Traits, neuropsychiatric symptomology and cognitive deficits among patients with high cholesterol. RMJ. (2018), [cited June 22, 2026]; 43(3): 408-412.


Harvard Style

Gul, A. & Malik, . M. (2018) Personality Type D Traits, neuropsychiatric symptomology and cognitive deficits among patients with high cholesterol. RMJ, 43 (3), 408-412.


Turabian Style

Gul, Amara, and Maria Malik. 2018. Personality Type D Traits, neuropsychiatric symptomology and cognitive deficits among patients with high cholesterol. Rawal Medical Journal, 43 (3), 408-412.


Chicago Style

Gul, Amara, and Maria Malik. "Personality Type D Traits, neuropsychiatric symptomology and cognitive deficits among patients with high cholesterol." Rawal Medical Journal 43 (2018), 408-412.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Gul, Amara, and Maria Malik. "Personality Type D Traits, neuropsychiatric symptomology and cognitive deficits among patients with high cholesterol." Rawal Medical Journal 43.3 (2018), 408-412. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Gul, A. & Malik, . M. (2018) Personality Type D Traits, neuropsychiatric symptomology and cognitive deficits among patients with high cholesterol. Rawal Medical Journal, 43 (3), 408-412.


Author LoginReviewer LoginEditorial PoliciesConflict of Interest PolicyPlagiarism PolicyAdvertising Policy

About Rawal Medical Journal

Publication, subscription and Editorial office PMA House G/220-B Liaquat Road, Rawalpindi. Phone: 051-555-9812, Fax: 051-553-7088 Email: drnkhokhar@ya ... Read more.



For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

Contact Information