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Original Research 
RMJ. 2021; 46(4): 792-794


Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients of chronic liver disease

Ghania Ahmad, Nauman Ismat Butt, Fahmina Ashfaq, Aniqa Anser Khan, Maida Nazir, Rehana Raheem.


Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with Chronic Liver Disease.
Methodology: This observational cross-sectional study was done in Department of Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from 25th September 2017 to 25th March 2018. A total of 140 patients with chronic liver disease were enrolled. Demographic information was noted. All underwent echocardiography to diagnose pulmonary hypertension. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 140 patients, 61.4% were male while 38.6% female. Mean age was 48.13+7.69 years. Family income up to Rs. 35,000/month was noted in 31.4% while more than 35,000 rupees per month in 68.6%. Diabetes was present in 37.1%. Child-Pugh Class B was seen in 58.6% while Child-Pugh class C in 41.4%. Mean body mass index was 28.21+4.21 kg/m2 and obesity was observed in 27.1%. Mean disease duration was 18.89+9.56 months. Smokers were 22.9%. Pulmonary hypertension was present in 15.0% participants. Severe pulmonary hypertension was seen in 3.6% whereas 11.4% had moderate pulmonary hypertension.
Conclusion: Pulmonary hypertension was prevalent in patients with chronic liver disease. It was associated significantly with diabetes mellitus, socioeconomic status, Child-Pugh class, smoking, disease duration and obesity.

Key words: Chronic liver disease, pulmonary hypertension, cirrhosis.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Ahmad G, Butt NI, Ashfaq F, Khan AA, Nazir M, Raheem R. Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients of chronic liver disease. RMJ. 2021; 46(4): 792-794.

Web Style

Ahmad G, Butt NI, Ashfaq F, Khan AA, Nazir M, Raheem R. Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients of chronic liver disease. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=79588 [Access: June 27, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ahmad G, Butt NI, Ashfaq F, Khan AA, Nazir M, Raheem R. Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients of chronic liver disease. RMJ. 2021; 46(4): 792-794.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ahmad G, Butt NI, Ashfaq F, Khan AA, Nazir M, Raheem R. Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients of chronic liver disease. RMJ. (2021), [cited June 27, 2026]; 46(4): 792-794.


Harvard Style

Ahmad, G., Butt, . N. I., Ashfaq, . F., Khan, . A. A., Nazir, . M. & Raheem, . R. (2021) Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients of chronic liver disease. RMJ, 46 (4), 792-794.


Turabian Style

Ahmad, Ghania, Nauman Ismat Butt, Fahmina Ashfaq, Aniqa Anser Khan, Maida Nazir, and Rehana Raheem. 2021. Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients of chronic liver disease. Rawal Medical Journal, 46 (4), 792-794.


Chicago Style

Ahmad, Ghania, Nauman Ismat Butt, Fahmina Ashfaq, Aniqa Anser Khan, Maida Nazir, and Rehana Raheem. "Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients of chronic liver disease." Rawal Medical Journal 46 (2021), 792-794.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Ahmad, Ghania, Nauman Ismat Butt, Fahmina Ashfaq, Aniqa Anser Khan, Maida Nazir, and Rehana Raheem. "Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients of chronic liver disease." Rawal Medical Journal 46.4 (2021), 792-794. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ahmad, G., Butt, . N. I., Ashfaq, . F., Khan, . A. A., Nazir, . M. & Raheem, . R. (2021) Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients of chronic liver disease. Rawal Medical Journal, 46 (4), 792-794.


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