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2026, Vol: 51, Issue: 2
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Original Research 


Cigarette smoking survey of citizens of Karachi

Muhammad Asif Jaleel, Rozina Noreen, Abdul Hameed, Abida Parveen, Ashfaq Ahmad Javid, Kashif Ali Hashmi, Kausar Naseem Malik.


Abstract
Objective:
To determine the smoking patterns of citizens of Karachi and its consequences on the health of smokers.

Method:
The study was carried out on 1700 subjects residing in different localities of Karachi. A specifically designed questionnaire was filled individually.

Results:
Out of 1700 subjects, 740 (43.53%) were found indulged in cigarette smoking. Anxiety was the assigned cause for smoking by 64% and 70% had cough, many with sputum. A total of 86% admitted smoking in public places.

Conclusion:
The study suggested that many smokers indulge in this habit as a result of anxiety and many suffer its injurious consequences. These data should prompt meaningful efforts to discourage this detrimental habit. (Rawal Medical Journal 2003;28:48-51).

Key words: Smoking, Pollution, Cigarettes, Karachi


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Jaleel MA, Noreen R, Hameed A, Parveen A, Javid AA, Hashmi KA, Malik KN. Cigarette smoking survey of citizens of Karachi . RMJ. 2003; 28(2): 48-51.

Web Style

Jaleel MA, Noreen R, Hameed A, Parveen A, Javid AA, Hashmi KA, Malik KN. Cigarette smoking survey of citizens of Karachi . https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=8950 [Access: June 26, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Jaleel MA, Noreen R, Hameed A, Parveen A, Javid AA, Hashmi KA, Malik KN. Cigarette smoking survey of citizens of Karachi . RMJ. 2003; 28(2): 48-51.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Jaleel MA, Noreen R, Hameed A, Parveen A, Javid AA, Hashmi KA, Malik KN. Cigarette smoking survey of citizens of Karachi . RMJ. (2003), [cited June 26, 2026]; 28(2): 48-51.


Harvard Style

Jaleel, M. A., Noreen, . R., Hameed, . A., Parveen, . A., Javid, . A. A., Hashmi, . K. A. & Malik, . K. N. (2003) Cigarette smoking survey of citizens of Karachi . RMJ, 28 (2), 48-51.


Turabian Style

Jaleel, Muhammad Asif, Rozina Noreen, Abdul Hameed, Abida Parveen, Ashfaq Ahmad Javid, Kashif Ali Hashmi, and Kausar Naseem Malik. 2003. Cigarette smoking survey of citizens of Karachi . Rawal Medical Journal, 28 (2), 48-51.


Chicago Style

Jaleel, Muhammad Asif, Rozina Noreen, Abdul Hameed, Abida Parveen, Ashfaq Ahmad Javid, Kashif Ali Hashmi, and Kausar Naseem Malik. "Cigarette smoking survey of citizens of Karachi ." Rawal Medical Journal 28 (2003), 48-51.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Jaleel, Muhammad Asif, Rozina Noreen, Abdul Hameed, Abida Parveen, Ashfaq Ahmad Javid, Kashif Ali Hashmi, and Kausar Naseem Malik. "Cigarette smoking survey of citizens of Karachi ." Rawal Medical Journal 28.2 (2003), 48-51. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Jaleel, M. A., Noreen, . R., Hameed, . A., Parveen, . A., Javid, . A. A., Hashmi, . K. A. & Malik, . K. N. (2003) Cigarette smoking survey of citizens of Karachi . Rawal Medical Journal, 28 (2), 48-51.


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