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Innovations in Blood Donor Screening: Crucial role of immunochromatographic test technique and chemiluminescent immunoassay for HCV and HBsAg detection

Sassi Kanwal, Shehla M. Baqai, Fatima Abid, Rubina Ghani, Ghulam Sarwar, Parveen Akhter.


Abstract
Objective: To compare the performance characteristics and suitability of the Immunochromatographic Test (ICT), and Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (CLIA) for accurate and reliable screening in blood donors of thalassemic patients.
Methodology: In this cross-sectional qualitative study, 101 samples of blood donors of both genders were collected and tested using an ICT and CLIA for the presence of Hepatitis C antibodies and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall diagnostic accuracy were calculated for each method.
Results: CLIA showed sensitivity of 57.9%, specificity of 100 %, positive predictive value (PPV) of 100 %, negative predictive value (NPV) of 91.1% and diagnostic accuracy of 92.08% for detecting HCV. Regarding HBsAg antibodies, 93.1% were non-reactive via ICT. CLIA demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy of 71.4%, 100%, 100%, 97.9%, and 98.01%, respectively.
Conclusion: This study underscores the viability of CLIA as a diagnostic tool for HCV and HBV infections, high specificity, and positive predictive value. Whereas its sensitivity to anti-HCV antibodies is moderate and its reliability in identifying HBsAg antibodies is strikingly better. Future research should explore the integration of CLIA and ICT tests in routine blood donor screening protocols to enhance diagnostic accuracy.

Key words: Hepatitis C antibodies (anti HCV), Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), Immunochromatographic Test (ICT), Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (CLIA).


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Kanwal S, Baqai SM, Abid F, Ghani R, Sarwar G, Akhter P. Innovations in Blood Donor Screening: Crucial role of immunochromatographic test technique and chemiluminescent immunoassay for HCV and HBsAg detection. RMJ. 2025; 50(1): 38-41.

Web Style

Kanwal S, Baqai SM, Abid F, Ghani R, Sarwar G, Akhter P. Innovations in Blood Donor Screening: Crucial role of immunochromatographic test technique and chemiluminescent immunoassay for HCV and HBsAg detection. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=201816 [Access: March 13, 2025].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Kanwal S, Baqai SM, Abid F, Ghani R, Sarwar G, Akhter P. Innovations in Blood Donor Screening: Crucial role of immunochromatographic test technique and chemiluminescent immunoassay for HCV and HBsAg detection. RMJ. 2025; 50(1): 38-41.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Kanwal S, Baqai SM, Abid F, Ghani R, Sarwar G, Akhter P. Innovations in Blood Donor Screening: Crucial role of immunochromatographic test technique and chemiluminescent immunoassay for HCV and HBsAg detection. RMJ. (2025), [cited March 13, 2025]; 50(1): 38-41.


Harvard Style

Kanwal, S., Baqai, . S. M., Abid, . F., Ghani, . R., Sarwar, . G. & Akhter, . P. (2025) Innovations in Blood Donor Screening: Crucial role of immunochromatographic test technique and chemiluminescent immunoassay for HCV and HBsAg detection. RMJ, 50 (1), 38-41.


Turabian Style

Kanwal, Sassi, Shehla M. Baqai, Fatima Abid, Rubina Ghani, Ghulam Sarwar, and Parveen Akhter. 2025. Innovations in Blood Donor Screening: Crucial role of immunochromatographic test technique and chemiluminescent immunoassay for HCV and HBsAg detection. Rawal Medical Journal, 50 (1), 38-41.


Chicago Style

Kanwal, Sassi, Shehla M. Baqai, Fatima Abid, Rubina Ghani, Ghulam Sarwar, and Parveen Akhter. "Innovations in Blood Donor Screening: Crucial role of immunochromatographic test technique and chemiluminescent immunoassay for HCV and HBsAg detection." Rawal Medical Journal 50 (2025), 38-41.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Kanwal, Sassi, Shehla M. Baqai, Fatima Abid, Rubina Ghani, Ghulam Sarwar, and Parveen Akhter. "Innovations in Blood Donor Screening: Crucial role of immunochromatographic test technique and chemiluminescent immunoassay for HCV and HBsAg detection." Rawal Medical Journal 50.1 (2025), 38-41. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Kanwal, S., Baqai, . S. M., Abid, . F., Ghani, . R., Sarwar, . G. & Akhter, . P. (2025) Innovations in Blood Donor Screening: Crucial role of immunochromatographic test technique and chemiluminescent immunoassay for HCV and HBsAg detection. Rawal Medical Journal, 50 (1), 38-41.


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